This project investigates how policymakers manage (or not) the decline of existing systems, in the context of relations to other actors (e.g. firms, social movements, wider publics). The project builds on ideas from innovation studies, political science, and discourse theory. The 3-year project, which is funded by the Open Research Area in Europe, will investigate four cases in four countries (UK, France, Netherlands, Germany): nuclear power, DDT, internal combustion engine cars, incandescent light bulbs.